@darius IBM's biggest wound was its incredible insularity. They were a de facto monopoly and thus wrote their own standards and continued to keep them for far to long. Classic IBM engineers can recite the catalog numbers for parts and coded in languages often not transferrable to other systems. It's a lot like MSFT coders from the mid-late 90s. As late as 2001, I was still writing EBCDIC translations for basic strings from an IBM database.