@jankoekepan There's phenomenal public health chart for NYC showing 85% gains before modern medicine, directly attributable to policy decisions and infrastructure:
Pure freshwater supplies, sewerage, solid waste removal, quarantines, antisceptics, mateernal and early childhood nutrition, refrigeration.
Excluded are most vaccines, ALL antibiotics, major surgeries, xrays, etc.
And the subsequent gains are from harm reductions: coal, lead, asbestos, tobacco, alcohol, drugs, HC access.
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