@annika Do you just need to have command line to the system, or video acceleration for 3D graphics?
If its the former you can try Putty and SSH into the system -- https://www.putty.org/, or I've heard good things about Windows Subsystem for Linux -- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10, you might have better luck with it than with Virtualbox.