1) Okay, so I now *think* I know how to use transfer functions, i.e. those previously so mysterious "H(s) = foo / bar" things you always find on Wikipedia instead of actual explanations when you're looking for information about audio equalisation filters.
I knew that s was the frequency, but not much else.
Solution:
s can be substituted with jω where j is the imaginary unit and ω is angular frequency.
The output format is a phasor, from which you can derive an amplitude and a phase.