The Norwegian word for workshop is “verksted”, cognate to “work-stead”. The noun “verk” typically refers to industrial facilities, such as glassverk (glass factory) or vannverk (water treatment plant) and is probably best encompassed by the English word “plant”.
There is also the noun “virke”, a vocation, and the verb “virke”, to work (with or for a particular purpose).
For a more human flavour, “arbeid” is often used, together with “jobb”.