You're right about the original rogue-likes games, but the modern ones I was thinking about like Dead Cells or Enter the Gungeon have implemented some progression features between runs where more powerful items would be unlocked for future runs.

For single player MOBA (so SOBA: Singleplayer Offline Battle Arena?), there's an early example in Future Cop: LAPD (1998) with a mode involving capturing turrets, spawning game-controlled units and a varied loadout imported from the single player campaign mode. Very much what you are describing of a hybrid with tower defense.