@lauraritchie Those are pretty big questions, and there are no simple answers.
In education - and therefore in learning theory generally - we have this presumption that (in English) words simply mean what they mean.
The thought occurred to me the other day as the translator explained to me that in Chinese the speaker speaks around a point rather than making it directly. And this led me to wonder about the presumption we have that in English we speak directly, and I realized that we do not.